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M4 - Quantitative Chemistry
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Empirical Formula from % composition
Molcular Formula from % composition
Combustion Analysis
Total and Net Ionic Equations
Theoretical and Percentage Yields
Limiting Reagents
Gas Laws and Calculations
Gas Calculations using Density
Back Titrations
Titrations
Chemical Bonding
Order of electron orbitals
How to write/determine electron configurations
Exceptions (d4 and d9)
Shorthand method
Drawing Lewis Structures:
1. Total valance e-
2. Central atom (CA)
3. Single bonds
4. Add non-boning e- (most EN atoms 1st)
Any extra e- are added to CA
5. Add additional bonds to get formal charges as close to zero as possible (sum of formal charges must equal the charge of the ion or zero if its a neutral molecule)
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Exceptions
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H : 2 valance e-
Group 3: incomplete octets (6/8)
≥Period3 : can expand their octets using d orbitals
Intermolecular Forces
Metallic Bonds
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